Nolan’s Notes: Moving Forward With Confidence
The Knowledge Base: Beyond the Badge—Why Membership Matters More Than Ever
Smart Automation: AI—Revolutionizing Inspection in Electronics Manufacturing
Has the Time Finally Come for Tin-nickel Plating?
December 9, 2024 | Marcy LaRont, PCB007 MagazineEstimated reading time: 1 minute
In the 1980s, Electrochemicals, Inc. (now Electrochemical Products) made a significant shift from furniture and industrial goods to electronics and manufacturing. During this journey, a tin-nickel plating alloy was developed. In 1984, Mike Carano, a young engineer, published a paper on tin-nickel plating alloy, but after some initial attention, the plating solution fell into obscurity.
Today, PCB fabrication looks largely the same, yet changes are afoot, chiefly due to the demands for very fine feature capability on printed circuit boards, as well as environmental sustainability. So, in this fascinating conversation with Mike Carano and Happy Holden, we take another look at tin-nickel and its advantages in both performance and sustainability.
Marcy LaRont: Mike, please explain the unique metal properties of the tin-nickel alloy and why fabricators should consider this as a surface finish solution today.
Mike Carano: Tin-nickel is a metastable alloy. It is monatomic, meaning that no matter what you do with the chemistry or how you manipulate the grams per liter of one metal or the other (or the amps per square foot), it always comes out as 65% of one metal and 35% of the other. I’m not aware this is true with any other combination of metals.
Typically, if your chemistry is out of balance—if you have more tin in the solution than you have lead—you will plate more tin. It’s precisely why there are so many alloys out there. In that respect, tin-nickel is pretty amazing.
Happy Holden: When I was at Hewlett-Packard, Dr. Morton Adler from Bell Labs called me and said he wanted us to fab his boards using tin-nickel, because he knew we were using it. I plated the boards with tin-nickel and added a gold strike. This thin gold was cobalt-hardened and the final thickness was still only 3–5 microinches when we finished. About a month after I sent them back to Adler, I got another call. He said, “What the hell did you send me? We’ve completed our reliability testing and your 3–5 microinches on tin-nickel outperforms our 120 microinches of sulfamate nickel on our contacts and other relays.”
Continue reading this conversation in the November 2024 issue of PCB007 Magazine.
Share on:
Suggested Items
Technica Expands into Emerging Printed Electronics and Advanced Coatings Markets
06/04/2025 | Technica USATechnica is expanding its product portfolio with Agfa’s advanced line of Orgacon conductive coatings. The Orgacon products are a natural complement to Technica’s existing solutions and will allow the company to deliver greater value to customers in these markets.
Axxon-Mycronic Enhances Conformal Coating Quality with New Inline AOI and Thickness Measurement Technology
06/03/2025 | Axxon-MycronicAxxon-Mycronic, a leading, global supplier of innovative and production-ready, dispensing and conformal coating systems, announced a breakthrough in automated optical inspection (AOI) technology for conformal coating with the introduction of its Modus inline conformal coating AOI system—CCAOI.
SES’s O3b mPOWER System Receives Platinum Space Sustainability Rating
06/03/2025 | BUSINESS WIREO3b mPOWER, SES’s second-generation medium earth orbit (MEO) system, has been awarded the Platinum badge by the Space Sustainability Rating (SSR) Association.
Advint Delivers Advanced Electroplating Training to Triangle Labs
06/02/2025 | Advint IncorporatedDuring the last week of April, Advint Incorporated conducted a comprehensive two-day on-site electroplating training session for the technical team at Triangle Labs, Inc., a key innovator in the printed circuit board space. The training was structured to align with the demands of high-reliability plating processes suitable for RF and high-frequency substrates.
Nolan’s Notes: Moving Forward With Confidence
06/03/2025 | Nolan Johnson -- Column: Nolan's NotesWe’re currently enjoying a revitalized and dynamic EMS provider market with significant growth potential. Since December 2024, the book-to-bill has been extremely strong and growing. Starting with a ratio of 1.24 in December, book-to-bill has continued to accelerate to a 1.41 in April. Yet, there is a global economic restructuring taking place. To say that the back-and-forth with tariffs and trade deals makes for an uncertain market is an understatement. While we may be in a 90-day tariff pause among leading economic nations, the deadline is quickly approaching and that leaves many of you feeling unsettled about what to expect.